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Fate of transgenic insecticides in soil and water, including insecticidal Bt protein toxins and vaccines

In recent years, transgenic crops have increased significantly in their usage in agriculture. Many of these crops produce insecticidal Bt proteins that target specific insect pests. As with conventional chemicals, it is important to know the fate of these insecticidal Bt proteins in the environment. The fate data is used in the risk assessment process to determine potential exposure of the insecticidal Bt proteins to non-target organisms.