The winged form of an insect.
si.alatus
pl.alatae

Without wings or wingless. Also; apterous.

The condition of being apterus or wingless.

Having two generations a year.

To have shortened wings.

The tubular structure at the posterior end of an aphids abdomen. Used to excrete alarm pheromones.

The accumulation of heat units above some developmental threshold temperature for a 24-hour period. These units are typically expressed in Fahrenheit degree days (FDD) of Celsius degree days (CDD).

The minimum temperature required for development.

Having two distinct morphologies or shapes.

In virology; a virus particle containing the full genetic material of two subgroups.

Abnormal functioning of an organism.

The process of scattering of individuals.

The spatial pattern of individuals. [from Pedigo 2002]

The process of an adult insect emerging from a pupal stage or from the last developmental stage. The emergence of an immature insect from the egg stage.

The leathery forewing of beetles, serving as a covering for the hind wings.
pl. elytra

The hard, outer skeleton of an insect (the muscles are attached to the inner side).

The third segment (starting from the body) of an insects leg (following the coxa and the trochanter). Often it is the thickest segment of the leg.

The upper anterior portion of the insect head.

Pertaining to an insect which passes through a metamorphosis in which the larva is distinctly different from the adult; the larva dramatically transforms to an adult through means of a pupal stage. Examples include beetles, flies, and butterflies.

Shoulder. As in stink bugs, the corners of the pronotum (or trangular area behind the head).
pl.humeri

Having more than one generation within a year. Commonly used to indicate three or more generations per year.

In hemipteran virus transmission, a term given to viruses that can be acquired and transmitted after a short feeding period and are only transmissible for a short time.

Egg development without fertilization.

A disease-producing organism or agent.

A type of insect metamorphosis where the immature stages (nymphs) are terrestrial and resemble the general form of the adults except of the absence of wings and reproductive organs.

In hemipteran virus transmission, a term given to viruses that are accumulated by the insect internally and are later transmitted through the insect's mouthparts and the insect can remain infective for a long time. Some of these viruses can replicate within the insect vector which further extends the time the insect is infective.

The non-segmented (the thoracic legs are segmented), tubular legs found on the abdominal segments of many larvae.

The upper and dorsal part of the prothorax.

The first thoracic segment of an insects body, bearing the anterior legs but excluding the wings.

In virology; the mixing of genetic material from two separate virus isolates that are infecting the same cell.

In virology; a viral genome consisting of a mixure of genetic material from different isolates.

The ejection of blood through certain weak spots in intersegmental membranes for the purpose of defense.

A hardened plate of an insect's body wall that is bound by membrane.

The triangular plate at the base and between the elytra of an insect.

In hemipteran virus transmission, a term given to viruses that require a longer period to be aquired by an insect before they are transmissible; however, they are transmissible for a longer time than nonpersistent virus.

Life cycle in which more than one year is required for the organism to go from egg to adult. Implied in this definition is that overlapping generations from different cohorts may inhabit the same space at the same time.

A hairlike projection of the cuticle arising from a single cell.

The last segment of an insect leg, often terminating in claws. The segment can have 1 to 5 subdivisions.
pl. tarsi

A soft, newly emerged adult beetle.
also callow

The outermost layer of a seed.

The fourth segment of an insect's leg (starting from the body).

Having one generation a year.