Illustration of stages of corn development that is helpful in understanding the ecology and management of European corn borer.

Flow diagram of pest management decisions for European corn borer (ECB) and corn earworm (CEW) on fresh market sweet corn.

Flow diagram of pest management decisions for European corn borer on processing sweet corn.

Average consumption of European corn borer egg masses for each adult Coleomegilla maculata present in tasseling corn based on regression analyses of field data (C. E. Mason and T. Zheng).

Approximate distribution of European corn borer annual generations in the United States and Canada.

Twenty-day, egg-laying triangle for the central Corn Belt during the second moth flight indication the best time to sample egg masses on field corn (D. D. Calivin).

Egg-laying period of European corn borer in the central Corn Belt during the second moth flight represented by a 20-day triangle. Shaded area is proportion of total eggs laid if a sample was taken 8 days after the first eggs were deposited (D. D. Calvin).

European corn borer moth flights during two years, near Rosemount, Minnesota. Figure A illustrates seasonal variation on a calendar timescale; Figure B shows synchrony based on a degree-day timescale (W. D. Hutchison).

Typical life history of European corn borer in relationship to corn phenology in the central Corn Belt of the United States.