Flea News 
Volume
59
Produced by R.E.
Lewis, Department of Entomology,
Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
FLEA NEWS is a biannual newsletter devoted to matters involving insects
belonging to the order Siphonaptera (fleas) and related subjects. It is compiled
and distributed free of charge by Robert E. Lewis in cooperation with the Department
of Entomology at Iowa State University, Ames, IA, and a grant in aid from Wellmark
International.
Flea News is mainly bibliographic in nature. Many of the sources are abstracting
journals and title pages and not all citations have been checked for completeness
or accuracy. Additional information will be provided upon written or e-mail
request. Further, recipients are urged to contribute items of interest to the
professon for inclusion herein.
This newsletter is now available in electronic format. The preferred method
of accessing the electronic version is through the WorldWide Web at the following
Universal Resource Locator: https://www.ent.iastate.edu/fleanews/aboutfleanews.html
Note: you can download a PDF file of this issue, suitable for printing, here.
Obituary
Li Kuei Chen
6-January-1911
* 21-October-1999
I am saddened to report that a recent letter from Professor Chin Ta Hsiung of
the Gui-yang Medical College informed me of the death of his wife, Li Kuei
Chen.
She was born in Shandong Province to a Christian family and received her early
education in missionary schools. She graduated from Cheeloo University (which
is where she met Ta Hsiung) with a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology. When
the Guiy-ang Medical College was established in 1938 she joined the staff as an
Assistant in Biology. By 1947 she had been promoted to the rank of Professor.
She began her studies of ectoparasites in 1940 and her first publication dealt
with those of the local rats, with emphasis on fleas. During this period she
sent material to and corresponded with Dr. Karl Jordan who was working at the
Rothschild Museum at Tring, Hertsfordshire, England. He encouraged her to
pursue the study of the fleas of China in addition to her teaching duties.
Shortly after the formation of the new government in China after World War II
administrators in each province were instructed to develop an Institute for
Disease Prevention charged with studying the epidemiology and control of
diseases endemic to the area. Foremost among these was plague, and where this
disease was endemic extensive vector surveys were conducted. There were few
Chinese who knew much about the fleas of China at this time and Kuei Chen and a
few other biologists such as Liu Chi Ying became pioneers in studies of the
indigenous flea fauna. By virtue of her position with the University she was
able to attract a number of students who assisted her in her studies. Between
1943 and 1998 she authored or coauthored 93 papers, erected 5 new genera or
subgenera and described approximately 90 new species or subspecies.
In 1985 and 1986 she was invited to collaborate with the late Robert Traub in
studies on the genus Macrostylophora in China and the islands of South
East Asia. Specimens were exchanged and preliminary studies begun, but for
various reasons the projects did not come to fruition. In addition to the time
spent by her and her husband in Washington, D. C., the couple also visited my
laboratory here in Ames and Dr. Cluff Hopla's laboratory in Norman,
Oklahoma.
Following is an inventory of the taxa described by Li, and a partial list of
her publications. Due to changes in the transliteration system, the latter
probably contains a number of errors and any titles taken from it for use
elsewhere should be checked against the originals if possible. It should also
be noted that after approximately 1980, Kuei Chen sometimes appeared as Gui
Zhen.
Genera & Subgenera
Brevictenidia Liu & Li, 1965
Typhlomyopsyllus Li & Huang, 1980
Spuropsylla Li, Xie & Gong, 1982
(Angustus) Li, Xie & Liao, 1980
s. gen. of Cratynius
(Songshupsylla) Li & Traub, 1998
s. gen of Macrostylophora
Species & Subspecies
passerinus Li, 1952. Ceratophyllus
=C. tribulus Jordan, 1926
ochotona Li, 1957.
callida Li & Chin, 1957. Tunga
bispiniformis (Li & Wang, 1958)
ssp. of Aviostivalius klossi
rectodigitus Li & Wang, 1958
ssp. of Stivalius aporus
sinica Li & Wang, 1959.
ssp. of Peromyscopsylla himalaica
elongatus Li & Shen, 1963. Nosopsyllus
affinis Li & Hsieh, 1964. Neopsylla
biseta Li & Hsieh, 1964. Neopsylla
kweiyangensis Li, 1964. Neopsylla
=Neopsylla specialis
minipiensis Li & Wang, 1964.
ssp. of Neopsylla specialis
rhipisoides Li & Wang, 1964. Megabothris
female = Ceratophyllus garei
polyspina Li & Wang, 1964. Stenoponia
exilia Li, Wang & Hsieh, 1964. Macrostylophora
menghaiensis Li, Wang & Hsieh, 1964. ssp. of Macrostylophora hastatus
geniculata Li, 1964. Vermipsylla.
=Vermipsylla alakurt
gigantea Li, 1964. Vermipsylla
= Vermipsylla alakurt
convexa Li, Wang & Wang, 1966. Neopsylla
=Neopsylla abagaitui
paranoma Li, Wang & Wang, 1966. Neopsylla
microcopa Li, Chen & Wei, 1974. Macrstylophora
aeretesites Li, Chen & Wei, 1974. Macrostylophora
megasinus Li & Chen, 1974. Frontopsylla
acutus Li & Chen, 1974. Frontopsylla
=Frontopsylla megasinus
diqiengensis Li & Hsieh, 1974. Frontopsylla
bispiniforma Li, Hsieh & Yang, 1976. Macrostylophora
longisetosa Li & Hsieh, 1977. Neopsylla
clavelia Li & Wei, 1977. Neopsylla
jinshajiangensis Hsieh, Yang & Li, 1978.
Paradoxopsyllus
longiprojectus Hsieh, Yang & Li, 1978.
Paradoxopsyllus
intermedius Hsieh, Yang & Li, 1978.
Paradoxopsyllus
bijiangensis Li, Hsieh & Yang, 1978.
ssp. of Xenodaeria telios
=Xenodaeria telios
zhongdiamensis Lie, Yang & Li, 1979
ssp. of Amphipsylla quadratoides
chaliensis Jie, Yang & Li, 1979
ssp. of Amphipsylla tuta
deqinensis Jie, Yang & Li, 1979
ssp. of Amphipsylla tuta
longidigita Chen, Wei & Li, 1979. Palaeopsylla
obtuspina Chen, Wei & Li, 1979. Palaeopsylla
conjiangensis Li & Huang, 1979. Macrostylophora
jiangkouensis Li & Huang, 1979.
ssp. of Macrostylophora cuii
brivimanubrium Li & Huang, 1979. Paraceras
aprojectus Li, 1979. Ctenophthalmus
stenosinuata Li, 1979. Geusibea
manosus Li, 1979. Amphalius
paoshanensis Li & Yan, 1980. Macrostylophora
yunnanus Li, Xie & Liao, 1980. Cratynius
rotundisinuata Li & Hsieh, 1980. Hystrichopsylla
fimbriata Li & Hsieh, 1980. Neopsylla
elesina Li, 1980. Neopsylla biseta
megaloba Li, 1980. Neopsylla
schismatosa Li, 1980. Neopsylla
ssp of Neopsylla specialis
eothenomus Li & Huang, 1980. Ctenophthalmus
breviprojiciens Li & Huang, 1980. Ctenophthalmus
cavaticus Li & Huang, 1980. Typhlomyopsyllus
diqingensis Li, Xie & Yang, 1980.
ssp. of Amphalius spirataenius
qinghaiensis Li, Xie & Yang, 1980.
ssp. of Amphalius spirataenius
laxisinus Xie, He & Li, 1980. Paraceras
menetus Xie, Chen & Li, 1980. Paraceras
occidentayunnanus Li, Xie & Gong, 1981.
Lentistivalius
laxilobulus Li, Xie & Gong, 1981. Stivalius
hylomysus Li, Xie & Gong, 1981.
Aviostivalius
monoseta Li. Xie & Gong, 1982.
Spuropsylla
quadrasetis Xie, Yang & Li, 1983.
Ischnopsyllus
quintuesetis Xie, Yang & Li, 1983.
Ischnopsyllus
magnabulga Xie, Yang & Li, 1983.
Ischnopsyllus
rhinopitheca Li, 1985. Vermipsylla parallela
affinis Li, 1986. Lentistivalius
deqinensis Xie & Li, 1986. Neopsylla affinis
yunnanensis Li & Yan, 1986. Pariodontis
riggenbachi
leizhouensis Li, Huang & Liu, 1986.
Nosopsyllus wualis
hongyangensis Li, Bai & Chen, 1986.
Neopsylla
xiei Li, 1987. Stenischia
falsotorosa Wi, Ni. & Li, 1987. Geusibia
nandensis Li, Zeng & Zeng, 1987.
Macrostylophora
rhombomysus Li, Huang & Sun, 1987.
Paradoxopsyllus
angustihamulus Li, Zhang & Zeng, 1988
Macrostylophora
longiprojiciens Chen, Li & Wei, 1988.
Ctenophthalmus
rongjianensis Li & Huang, 1990.
Nosopsyllus wualis
boseensis Li & Pan, 1990.
Nosopsyllus wualis
diandongensis Li, Xie & Yang, 1990.
Nosopsyllus wualis
longchuanensis Li, Xie & Wu, 1990.
Nosopsyllus elongatus
puerensis Li, Xie & Yu, 1990.
Nosopsyllus elongatus
yanshanensis Li, Xie & Liao, 1990.
Nosopsyllus elongatus
ailuropoda Jeu, Wang & Li, 1991.
Chaetopsylla
remotus Li, Hai & Pan, 1991.
Syngenopsyllus calceatus
laxiprojectus Li, 1992. Ctenophthalmus
weiningensis Li, 1992. Amphipsylla
guinanensis Wu & Li, 1992. Ceratophyllus
heishuiensis Li & Liu, 1994.
Hystrichopsylla
bursiforma Liu, Cai & Li, 1994. Callopsylla
heishuiensis Li, 1996. Macrostylophora
jingdongensis Li, 1996. Macrostylophora
Publications
NOTE. I regret that I have not seen the descriptions for the taxa given
in boldface above so cannot include the citations in the list given below.
Also, this is not a complete list of Li's publications on fleas. There was a
period when communications with Chinese colleagues was not posible. And, as
was the case with Liu C.Y., some publications may have been in organs that
were unavailable for circulation.
1943. Note on the external parasites of rats in Kweiyang with special reference
to the Siphonaptera. Chinese Med. J. 62: 267-272
1951. A description of the female of Neopsylla specialis Jordan, 1932,
(Siphonaptera) with remarks on certain structures of the male. Bull. Peking
Soc. Nat. Hist. 19: 263-265.
1952. A description of the male of Stenischia mirabilis Jordan, 1932,
(Siphonaptera). Bull. Peking Soc. Nat. Hist. 20:113-116.
1952. A new flea from a sparrow nest in Kweiyang. Bull. Peking Soc. Nat. Hist.
20: 205-208.
1955. The discovery of Thaumapsylla breviceps Roths., 1907, and its
significance in the fauna of China. Acta Entomol. Sinica 5: 305-308. (Li
K.C. & Chin T.H.)
1956. General treatise on fleas. People's Health Publishing House, Peking.
152 pp.
1957. A brief survey of the fleas of insectivores and rodents in western
Yunnan. Acta Zool. Sinica, Shanghai 9: 25-33.
1957. Tunga callida sp. nov., a new species of sandflea from Yunnan.
Acta Entomol. Sinica, Peiking 7: 113-120. (Li K.C. & Chin
T.H.)
1957. A new species of flea, Echidnophaga ochotona sp. nov. Acta
Entomol. Sinica, Peking 7: 121-124.
1958. The fleas of the genus Stivalius J. et R., 1922, (Siphonaptera)
from China. Acta Entomol. Sinica 8: 67-75. (Li K.C., & Wang D.C.
)
1959. Discovery of Peromyscopsylla himalaica (Roths., 1915) in
China and comparison of its three subspecies. Acta Entomol. Sinica 9: 548-553.
(Li K.C. & Wang D.C.)
1961. Records of Acropsylla girshami Traub, 1950, (Siphonaptera) in
China, with a discussion of the status of the species in the genus. Acta
Entomol. Sinica 10: 505-512. (Li K.C. & Chin T.H.)
1963. The oriental cat flea and its relatives. Guiyang Med. School Annual
1963: 52-56.
1963. A new flea of the genus Nosopsyllus Jordan, 1933, (Siphonaptera).
Acta Entomol. Sinica 12: 354-356. (Li K.C. & Shen D.Y.)
1964. The study of the wormlike flea in northwest China. Acta Parasitol.
Sinica 1: 91-100.
1964. Two new records of Palaeopsylla Wagner in China with a description
of P. incurva Jordan. Acta Entomol. Sinica 13: 768-770. (Li K.C.
& Hsieh P.C.)
1964. A study on the classification of the stevensi group of the genus
Neopsylla from China (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae), with
descriptions of new species and subspecies. Acta Entomol. Sinica 13: 212-230.
(Li K.C., Hsieh P.C. & Wang D.C.)
1964. A new species of the genus Megabothris Jordan, 1933
,(Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae). Acta Zool. Sinica 16: 247-250. (Li
K.C. & Wang D.C.)
1964. A new species of the genus Stenoponia J. et R., 1911,
(Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae). Acta Entomol. Sinica 13: 615-623. (Li
K.C. & Wang D.C.)
1964. A study on the genus Macrostylophora in China (Siphonaptera:
Ceratophyllidae). Acta Zool. Sinica 16: 479-486. (Li K.C., Wang D.C.
& Hsieh P.C.)
1965. The discovery of Aenigmopsylla mikulini Schwartz in China
and the establishment of Brevictenidia gen. nov. (Siphonaptera:
Ceratophyllidae). Acta Entomol. Sinica 17: 414-420. (Liu T.S. & Li
K.C.)
1966. Two new species of Neopsylla Wagner (Siphonaptera:
Hystrichopsyllidae). Acta Zootaxon. Sinica 3: 255-259. (Li K.C., Wang
D.C. & Wang H.E.)
1974. A study on the genus Macrostylophora in China (Siphonaptera:
Ceratophyllidae). Acta Zool. Sinica 16: 479-486. (Li K.C. , Wang D.C.
& Hsieh P.C.)
1974. Three new species and subspecies of Frontopsylla (Siphonaptera:
Leptopsyllidae). Acta Entomol. Sinica 17: 339-346. (Li K.C., Chen N.Y.
& Hsieh P.C.)
1974. On two new species of Macrostylophora (Siphonaptera:
Ceratophyllidae). Acta Entomol. Sinica 17: 112-116. (Li K.C., Chen N.Y.
& Wei S. F.)
1974. A study on the teratology of fleas. Acta Entomol. Sinica 16: 154-162.
(Li K.C. & Wang D.C.)
1976. A new species of the genus Macrostylophora (Siphonaptera:
Ceratophyllidae) Acta Entomol. Sinica 19: 345-347. (Li K.C., Hsieh P.C.
& Yang H.T.)
1977. On two new species of the setosa group of the genus
Neopsylla Wagner, from southwest China (Siphonaptera:
Hystrichopsyllidae). Acta Entomol. Sinica 20: 455-460. (Li K.C., Hsieh
P.C. & Wei S.F.)
1978. The first record of the genus Xenodaeria Jordan, 1932, from
China with description of a new subspecies (Siphonaptera:
Hystrichopsyllidae). Acta Entomol. Sinica 21: 332-334. (Li K.C., Hsieh
P.C. & Yang H.T.)
1978. Three new species of the genus Paradoxopsyllus Miyajima &
Koidzumi, 1909, (Siphonaptera: Leptopsyllidae). Acta Entomol. Sinica 21:
91-98. (Hsieh P.C., Yang X.S. & Li K.C.)
1979. Siphonaptera collected in Gongshan, Yunnan. I. Entomotaxonomia 1:
91-102.
1979. New species of Palaeopsylla Wagner, 1903, from Szechuan, with a
discussion of the genus (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae). Acta Entomol.
Sinica 22: 349-354. (Chen N.Y., Wei S.F. & Li K.C.)
1979. Three new subspecies of Amphipsylla from Yunnan (Siphonaptera:
Leptopsyllidae). Acta Zootaxon. Sinica 4: 55-56. (Jie B.G., Yang X.D.
& Li K.C.)
1979. On some new species and new records of fleas from China (Siphonaptera).
Acta Zootaxon. Sinica 4: 399-407. (Li K.C. & Huang K.P.)
1979. A description of the female of Neopsylla biseta Li et Hsieh,
1964, with remarks on certain structures of the male. Entomotaxonomia 1:
107-110. (Xie B.Q. & Li K.C.)
1980. Fleas of Typhlomys cinereus in China. Acta Acad. Med. Guiyang 5:
130-131.
1980. Fleas of Hylomys suillus in China. Acta Acad. Med. Guiyang 5:
128-129.
1980. Checklist of fleas from Taiwan Province. Acta Acad. Med. Guiyang 2:
194.
1980. Present studies on Paradoxopsyllus - classification, distribution,
morphology and parasites. Bull. Guiyang Med. College 5: 1-7.
1980. On the species-groups, zoogeographical divisions and host relationships
of the Chinese Macrostylophora Ewing, 1929, (Siphonaptera:
Ceratophyllidae). Acta Acad. Med. Guiyang 5: 108-113.
1980. Siphonaptera collected in Gongshan, Yunnan. II. Entomotaxonomia 2:
177-184.
1980. A new species of the genus Hystrichopsylla Taschenberg, 1880,
with a discussion concerning its subgenera (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae).
Acta Entomol. Sinica 23: 213-215. (Li K.C. & Hsieh P.C.)
1980. A survey on fleas from Kuankuoshui, a natural reserve in Guizhou
Province. Acta Acad. Med. Guiyang 5: 114-122. (Li K.C. & Huang
G.P.)
1980. A new species and subgenus of the genus Cratynius Jordan, 1933,
(Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae). Entomotaxonomia 2: 41-45. (Li K.C., Xie
B.Q. & Liao H.R.)
1980. A new subspecies of Amphalius spirataenius Liu, Wu &
Wu, 1966, with a discussion on its subspecies in China (Siphonaptera:
Ceratophyllidae). Acta Acad. Med. Guiyang 5: 123-127. (Li K.C., Xie B.Q.
& Yang X.D.)
1980. A new Macrostylophora from Yunnan (Ceratophyllidae:
Siphonaptera). Acta Entomol. Sinica 23: 76-78. (Li K.C. & Yan
X.C.)
1980. On two new species of Paraceras Wagner, from southwest China
(Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae). Acta Acad. Med. Guiyang 5: 137-144. (Xie
B.Q, He J.H., Chen R.H. & Li K.C.)
1981. On the species-groups, zoogeographical divisions and host relationships
of the Chinese Macrostylophora Ewing, 1929, (Siphonaptera:
Ceratophyllidae). Entomotaxonomia 3: 297-303.
1981. A new genus and three new species of fleas from Kuankuoshui Natural
Reserve in Guizhou Province. Acta Zootax. Sinica 6: 291-297. (Li K.C.
& Huang G.P.)
1981. Three new species of the family Pygiopsyllidae from China (Siphonaptera).
Acta Zootaxon. Sinica 6: 402-408. (Li K.C., Xie B.Q. & Gong
Z.D.)
1982. General description of the family Ceratophyllidae - Classification,
geographic distribution and host/parasite relationships and an investigation of
pathology problems. Acta Acad. Med. Guiyang 7: 1-6.
1982. Description of a new genus and species of ceratophyllid flea from western
Yunnan, China (Siphonaptera). Entomotaxonomia 4: 23-26. (Li K.C., Xie
B.Q. & Gong Z.D.)
1982. Siphonaptera. In: Insects of Xizang. Vol. II. Science Press. Beijing,
PRC. pp. 283-336 in Chinese, pp. 337-340, in English. (Liu C.Y., Wu
H.Y., Liu Q., Li K.c. & Wu F.l.)
1983. On three new species of the genus Ischnopsyllus Westwood and the
female of I. delectabilis Smit (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae).
Entotaxonomia 5: 113-119. (Xie B.Q., Yang D.Q. & Li K.C.)
1984. Fleas in Guizhou Province: their host relationships and the
characteristics of their zoogeography. Development of Science in Guizhou
Province. pp. 205-212.
1984. An emendation of the female of Macrostylophora paoshanensis Li et
Yan, 1980, (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae). Acta Zootaxon. Sinica (Xie
B.Q. & Li K.C.)
1985. A new flea from the golden monkey Rhinopithecus bieti
Milne-Edwards from northwestern Yunnan. Zool. Res. 6: 243-248.
1986. On a new species and a new record of the genus Lentistivalius
Traub, 1972, (Siphonaptera: Pygiopsyllidae). Entomotaxonomia 8: 9-12.
1986. A new species of the genus Neopsylla from Ningxia. Sichuan J.
Zool. 5: 1-3. (Li K.C., Bai X.L. & Chen B.F.)
1986. Description of a new subspecies of Neopsylla affinis
(Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae) Acta Zootaxon. Sinica 11: 327-329.
(Xie, B.Q. & Li K.C.)
1986. Fauna Sinica. Insecta. Siphonaptera. Academia Sinica Science Press,
Beijing, China. 1334 pp. (Liu C.Y., Wu H.Y., Liu Q., Li K.C., Wang
D.Q. & Xie B.Q.)
1987. A new species of Stenischia (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae). Entomotaxonomia 9: 85-89.
1987. On a new species of Macrostylophora Ewing from Gansu
(Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae). Entomotaxonomia 8: 265-268. (Li K.C.,
Zhang R.G. & Zeng Y.C.)
1987. A new species of Macrostylophora Ewing from Guangxi
(Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae). Acta Zootaxon. Sinica 12: 415-417. (Li
K.C., Zeng F. & Zeng Y.C.)
1987. A new species of the genus Paradoxopsyllus Miyajima &
Koidzumi, 1909, from Bayannur, Inner Mongolia. Rept. Local Dis. 2: 19-21.
(Li K.C., Huang G.P. & Sun Q.)
1987. A new species of Geusibia Jordan, 1932, from southeastern Qinghai
(Siphonaptera: Leptopsyllidae). Acta Biol. Plateau Sinica 6: 93-95. (Wu
W.z., Ni G.x. & Li K.C.)
1988. A new species of Ctenophthalmus from Sichuan (Siphonaptera:
Hystrichopsyllidae). Sichuan J. Zool. 7: 3-5. (Chen N.Y., Li K.C. &
Wei X.R.)
1990. On the Oriental Nosopsyllus fleas of China: descriptions of new
subspecies and discussion of the classification (Siphonaptera:
Ceratophyllidae). J. Guiyang Med. Coll. 15: 161-173. (Li K.C. & Xie
B.Q.)
1991. A new record of Syngenopsyllus in China with description of a new
subspecies of S. calceatus (Rothschild, 1905) (Siphonaptera:
Ceratophyllidae). J. Guiyang Med. College 16: 237-243. (Li K.C., Hai
B.Q. & Pan X.J.)
1991. A new flea of the genus Chaetopsylla from the giant panda.
Sichuan J. Zool. 10: 7-9. (Jeu M.H., Wang D.Q. & Li K.C.)
1992. The anoplura and Siphonaptera of Guizhou. Guizhou Science and Technology
Publishing House. (Chin T.H. & Li K.C.)
1994. A new species of Hystrichopsylla (Siphonaptera:
Hystrichopsyllidae) from Beishui, Sichuan. Entomotaxomia 16: 269-271. (Li
K.C. & Liu L.Z.)
1995. A new species of the genus Syngenopsyllus Traub, from Mt. Emei,
Sichuan (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae). Acta Zootax. Sinica 20: 102-106.
1995. On the geographical distribution, host preferences and diagnostic
characters of Neopsylla hongyangensis Li, Bai & Chen
(Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae) 38: 161-165. (Li K.C., Wu W.Z. &
Zhang R.Q.)
1996. Two new species of the genus Macrostylophora (Siphonaptera:
Ceratophyllidae) Acta Zootax. Sinica 21: 239-243.
1996. Description of three new subspecies of Ctenophthalmini
(Sinoctenophthalmus) and discussion (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae) Animal
Taxology 2: 110-117. (Li K.C., Ceng Y.C. & Ceng F.Z.)
1998. Description of Songshupsylla, a new subgenus of
Macrostylophora (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae), with a discussion of
it species groups. J. Med. Entomol. 35: 396-398. (Li K.C. & R.
Traub)
MISCELLANEA
Ms Amoret Brandt, M.Sc. has been appointed as Assistant Entomologist in
the Department of Entomology of the Natural History Museum in London. Her
main assignment is to update the "Handbook of British Fleas" originally
written by F. G. A. M. Smit in 1957. She will include distribution data for
the British fauna and produce an identification key on CD rom as well as
engage in some curation and indexing activities. Ms. Theresa Howard
will continue to look after loans and visitors to the collection. Both can be
reached at:
Department of Entomology
The Natural History Museum
Cromwell Road, London SW7 5bd
Tel. (020) 7942 5036
Fax. (020) 7942 5229
E-mail A.Brandt@nhm.ac.uk
and T.Howard@nhm.ac.uk
I have just received word of the passing of Mrs. Caroline Ernestine Smit, wife
of Mr. F.G.A.M. Smit. Condolences may be addressed to Mr. Smit at:
4 Glamis Gardens
Longthorpe, Peterborough PE3 9PQ
England
Dr. Robert Pilgrim has asked that the following be included in this
issue.
SIPHOTROL 10
I am anxious to examine a copy of a publication entitled "Technical Bulletin
on Siphotrol 10: Vet-Kem, Dallas, TX 1981". This was cited as a reference in
Bledsoe, Fadok and Bledsoe (1982 J. Am. Animal Hospital Assn. 18:
415-422.), in which the authors state (p. 418) "Methoprene acts on the fourth
instar larvae;..."
Because reference to fourth instar larvae in fleas is extraordinary I wish to
review the source of the statement. Correspondence to the authors, and to
Dr. Linda Medleau, who subsequently cited the statement (1983 Internat. J.
Dermatol. 22: 378-379) has all been unanswered. Numerous attempts to
source the bulletin have failed, as the original manufacturers and/or their
associates (Novartis, Sandoz, Zoecon, Ciba-Geigy) are unable to locate a
copy.
This is an appeal to anyone who has access to a copy of the 1981 Bulletin to
lend it to me to photocopy the relevant pages. The copy will be returned
proptly.
Dr. R. L. C. Pilgrim
Department of Zoology
University of Canterbury,
Private Bag 4800
CHRISTCHURCH, New Zealand
<r.pilgrim@zool.canterbury.ac.nz>;
Flea Identification from DNA Sequences
We are developing a DNA-based method of flea identification to make it possible
for a public health worker or PCR technician to make unambiguous
identifications without help from and entomologist. The method also should be
helpful for identifying damaged adults or larvae which are hard to identify by
their morphology. Recent advances in PCR technology, inexpensive automated DNA
sequencing, and web databases should make this goal attainable. We are
combining the experience of a veteran flea entomologist with a few tricks
from a modern molecular biologist.
So far we have examined 14 flea species which we collected or which were
furnished to us by collaborators. Adults or larvae were collected in 98%
ethanol or 70% isopropyl and were stored at room temperature. Single insects
removed from alcohol were incubated overnight in a mixture of KOH and Joy
dishwashing detergent, then extracted once with phenolchloroform. This method
preserves the extracted flea exoskeleton for morphological identification.
The aqueous phase of the phenolchloroform extract was alcohol precipitated
and redissolved in a small volume of low salt buffer. This very crude flea DNA
preparation was then used without further purification as a template for PCR.
The primers were ITS 3 & 4 which recognize ribosomal DNA in nearly all
eukaryotes and bracket the ITS 2 region which codes for nonconserved spacer RNA
between 5.8S and 28S RNA. The Gen-EMBL DNA sequence database has several ITS 2
entries from insects, but as yet none from fleas.
We found that the ITS 3 & 4 products of fleas were 350-600 nucleotides
long with some length variations between species in low resolution agarose gel
electrophoresis. PCR products were gelpurified and sequenced with the primer
ITS 3 by the University of Utah Sequencing Facility using ABI automated
equipment (at $10 per sequence). The ITS 3 & 4 products had, as expected,
conserved sequences (of 107 and 50 nucleotides) at the two ends, in 5.8S and
28S RNA sequences respectively. The conserved sequences had almost no
variation between species but fortunately the same PCR products had ample
variation in the remaining internal nonconserved sequences, so that the 14
flea species examined were distinguishable by DNA sequence of ITS DNA.
The internal nonconserved ITS sequences had weak similarities with other
insects but had strong similarities among fleas. One flea species had two
sizes of ITS 3 & 4 products which were identical except for internal
deletions in the smaller product. In another instance we recovered two ITS 3
& 4 products from larvae but one of the two products was not flea DNA
since unlike flea DNA it matched yeast sequences in the Gen-EMBL DNA sequence
database. Flea larvae have internal fungi which yield their own ITS products
but so far the fungal products have been easy to separate by
electrophoresis.
Using DNA sequence as a criterion, we found that fleas from the canyon mouse,
Peromyscus crinitus, collected at one site in southern Utah were
different from fleas from the same species of rodent at two other sites, one in
southern Utah and one in eastern Nevada.
We are grateful to the University of Utah Research Committee for financial
support.
Theodore Gurney, Jr. & Robert Elbel
Department of Biology
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840
BOOK REVIEWS
Dr. Eustorgio Méndez has informed me that his book, entitled
"Insectos y otros artrópodos de importancia médica y veterinaria"
is now available. Following is the author's description.
"Este libro constituye una modesta pero razonable fuente de
información sobre diversos grupos de insectos, arácnidos y
oteros artrópodos que en anlguna forma astán relacionados con
problemas sanitarios del ser humano y de muchos animales domésticos y
silvestres. Por consiguiente, su objectivo es proporcionar una adecuada
comprensión de los invertebrados tratados, sus cualidades
anatómicas generales, ecología y hábitos, mencionando
también someramente ciertas enfermedades que son transmitidas por un
número de ellos. Además, entre otras facetas relevantes
contiene un glosario, un índice general y una lista de casi todos los
trabajos consultados, así como 160 ilustraciones a pluma, la
mayoría de las cuales son totalmente originales. Puede servir como un
marco de referencia para algunos profesionales de la medicina humana,
veterinarios, entomólogos, zoólogos, parasitólogos,
ingenieros sanitarios, biólogos de vida silvestre y naturalistas del
Continente Americano y de otros territorios del mundo.
"El contenido de esta obra no es rigurosamente técnico, por lo que,
asimismo, es apropiado y de utilidad para aquellos lectores aficionados que se
sientan atraidos por un tema transcendental que requiere una amplia
difusión."
Its price is $30.00 US, plus $5.50 Air Mail postage. Interested parties may
contact Dr. Méndez at
Apartado 870317, Zona 7, Panamá
República de Panamá
Mammals of the Eastern United States. Third Edition. John O. Whitaker,
Jr & W. J. Hamilton, Jr., 1998. i-xi, 583 pp. Comstock Publishing
Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca & London. ISBN
0-8014-3475-0.
As an aspiring young mammalogist in the late 1940's the first edition of this
book, published in 1943 and authored solely by W. J. Hamilton became the
nucleus of what grew to be my relatively large mammalogical library. Although
primitive by today's standards it was on the cutting edge of the science at
the time, forming a firm foundation for a subsequent edition in 1979
co-authored by Hamilton and Whitaker. In this third edition the content has
been almost entirely rewritten, the species accounts expanded and updated and
additional sections added.
The first 22 pages introduce the reader to basic concepts and techniques
employed by students of mammalogy and outline the goals of the author
(Whitaker, Hamilton died in 1990) in presenting the species accounts. The
individual accounts are broken down into the following headings: description,
measurements, distribution, habitat, habits, food and feeding, reproduction and
development, population characteristics, enemies, parasites and diseases,
relations to humans, areas for further work, subspecies and literature.
Taxonomically the author recognizes 11 orders, 26 families, 68 genera and 121
species as occurring in the United States east of the Mississippi River.
Included in this total are feral dogs, pigs, house cats and horses, as well as
small isolated populations of Rhesus monkeys in Florida. Also included are the
Fallow, Sika and Sambar deer. Established populations of Fallow deer are cited
in Alabama, Georgia, Maryland and Tennessee. Two small populations of Sika
deer are located in Maryland and Wisconsin. Sambar occur only in St. Vincent
National Wildlife Refuge, St. Vincent Island, Florida.
The book concludes with an Appendix of Endangered and Extirpated Species,
including a tabular presentation, a glossary, a guide to further reading and a
brief index. In addition to black and white illustrations and distribution
maps, the volume includes 15 plates containing 48 color photographs of some of
the species. REL
Walker's Mammals of the World. Sixth Edition. Ronald M. Nowak. 1999.
Volume I, i-li, 1-836, index lv-lxx. Volume II, i-x, 837-1936. Johns Hopkins
University Press. Baltimore and London. ISBN 0-8081-5989-9. US $99.95 plus
postage.
Since the first edition of Mammals of the World was published in 1964, with
Ernest P. Walker as its senior author, this has been a work in progress. Over
the years the various editions have been revised and enlarged, first by John
Paradiso (2nd & 3rd) then by Nowak and Paradiso (4th) and finally by Nowak
alone (5th & 6th).
The classification followed in these volumes is mainly that of Wilson and
Reeder, 1993 (reviewed in FN 46: 501) and the total number of categories are:
28 orders, 146 families, 1,192 genera and 4,809 species. Five generic accounts
from the 5th edition have been deleted but 81 new generic accounts have been
added. This edition also includes generic accounts for extinct genera known
to have lived within the last 5,000 years. The point is made that most of
these inhabited the West Indies, islands in the Mediterranean and Madagascar
and are thought to have been extirpated through human agencies. The point is
also made that the most recent IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals (Baillie
& Groombridge, 1996) lists 1,096 full species of mammals, nearly one fourth
of all known species, as "critically endangered" (169) "endangered" (315) or
"vulnerable" (612). The IUCN also lists an additional 220 mammal subspecies
that are not components of the listed species in these categories as
"conservation dependent" or "near threatened" When these are added the total
is closer to one half than one fourth of the world's total.
This edition is organized in much the same way that the fifth edition was
structured. After the Forward and Preface there is a 28 page table, arranged
phylogenetically, in which the gross world distribution of all of the genera
is presented. Volume I contains accounts for the orders Monotremata through
the Carnivora. Volume II includes the remaining orders from the Pinnipedia
through the Macroscelidea, followed by 172 pages of Literature Cited, averaging
~50 citations per page, and 15 pages of index. Literature coverage extends to
approximately 1995, although many references were published as recently as
1997.
Each generic account includes the name of the order, family, genus, author and
date of description. This is followed by the common name of the group, if it
has one, and a list of recognized species arranged by subgenera where these
have been erected. Following each species name is an abridged distribution.
Individual generic accounts vary in length and organization depending upon the
amount of information available. Large, well-known genera are treated quite
extensively. This is particularly the case with large game animals.
In 1992 (F.N. 44: 455) I ended my review of the fifth edition with the
following: "All in all, these volumes constitute a superbe exposition and it is
difficult to imagine how they could be improved short of printing the
photographs in color. The cost of publications has been accelerating at an
alarming rate recently, and against this melancholy landscape these volumes
constitute one of the best values in publication today." The fifth edition was
priced at $89.95 plus shipping. With 307 additional pages, this is still "one
of the best values in publication today" and Dr. Nowak is to be congratulated
for the fruits of his labors. REL
SIPHONAPTERA LITERATURE
Although it may not be obvious from the titles, citations included here pertain
to fleas and the zoonoses associated with them. No particular effort has been
made to search the medical and veterinary literature and the emphasis here is
on the taxonomy, systematics and general biology of the order.
It should be understood that all Russian and Chinese citations listed here are
in Russian or Chinese, although they may have summaries or abstracts in English
or some other language. Additional information is available upon request
(including e-mail) and recipients are urged to report citations of articles on
Siphonaptera, particularly those published in rare sources or those in
journals peripheral to the field of Entomology.
1993 (List 10)
Pashley, D.P., B.A. McPheron & E.A. Zimmer. Systematics of
holometabolous insect orders based on 18S ribosomal RNA. Molecular
Phylogenetic Evolution 2: 132-142.
1994 (List 9)
LIU Jing-yuan, WANG Dun-qing & Yang Qiren. Description of a new
subspecies of Doratopsylla coreana (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae).
Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 19: 243-245. (D. c. hubeiensis)
1995 (List 8)
LIU Jing-yuan & WANG Dun-qing. A new species of Typhlomyopsyllus
Li et Huang, 1980, from Hubei Province, China (Siphonaptera:
Leptopsyllidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 20: 243-245. (T.
bashanensis)
1996 (List 8)
WANG Dun-qing & LIU Jing-yuan. A new species of
Ceratophyllus from Hubei Province (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae)
Acta Entomologica Sinica 39: 90-93. (C. (C.) wui )
1997 (List 6)
Geevarghese, G., D.T. Mourya, P.S. Shetty & M.D. Gokhale. Note on
the fleas of small mammals in Beed District, Maharashtra State, India. Journal
of Communicable Diseases 29: 361-362.
GONG Zheng-da & FENG Xi-guang. A new species of Palaeopsylla
from Yunnan, China (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae). Acta Entomologica
Sinica 40: 79-81. (P. talpae )
GONG Zheng-da, DUAN Xing-de, FENG Xi-guang, XIE Shu, SHANG Yumin DU Baohan
& DUAN Baio. Small mammals in the Cangshan and Erhai natural
reserves. Zoological Research 18: 197-204.
Larsen, K.S., H. Leirs & J. Ledal. Palatability and toxicity tests
of fipronil as a systemic insecticide in a rodenticide bait for rat and flea
control. Acta Parasitológia Portuguesa 5: 32.
Larsen, K.S. & A.M. Rasmussen. Fri os lopperne. Rad og Resultater
10: 2-4.
LIU Jing-yuan. A new species of Chaetopsylla Kohaut, 1903, from
Hubei Province, China (Siphonaptera: Vermipsyllidae). Acta Zootaxonomica
Sinica 40: 82-85. (C. wangi )
Medvedev, S.G. Host parasite relationships of fleas (Siphonaptera).
II. Entomologicheskoe Obozreni 76: 755-769.
Mohebali, M., H. Rezai, A. Farahnak & A. Nootash. A survey of the
parasitic fauna (helminths and ectoparasites) of rodents in the Meshkinhar
District of northwest Iran. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Tehran 52: 23-25.
QI Yi-ming & HE Jin-hou. Morphological description of the larvae
of Frontopsylla spadix spadix and their comparison with the larvae of
three species of Frontopsylla (Siphonaptera: Leptopsyllidae). Acta
Entomologica Sinica 40: 388-392.
QI Yi-ming. Comparisons of esterase isoenzyme of different
developmental stages of three flea species. Acta Parasitologica et Medica
Entomologica Sinica 4: 170-177.
QI Yi-ming et al. A study on the comparison of esterase isoenzyme in
different developmental stages of Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild.
Journal of the Guiyang Medical College 22: 326-328.
1998 (List 4)
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