Volume 47
Volume 47
Shortly after mailing Flea News 46 we received word from Dr. Harry D. Pratt of the passing of Dr. N. E. Good, a victim of cancer. Following is a short obituary.
31-December-1905 - 14-June-1993
Newell Good was born in Seneca county, near Bellvue, Ohio. He received the B. A. from Heidelberg College in Tiffin, Ohio, in 1927. He then pursued graduate training at George Washington University in Washington D.C. and was awarded the M. S. in 1929 and the Ph.D. in 1935, with a major in Zoology. His dissertation was entitled "The flour beetles of the genus Tribolium," and served as the basis for his USDA Technical Bulletin 498 (1936). From 1927 to 1930 he served as an Entomologist, first in the Bureau of Animal Industry, and later in the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine of the United States Department of Agriculture. In 1931 he joined the United States Public Health Service as an Entomologist, serving in San Francisco, Atlanta and Washington, D.C. until 1953.
In 1946-1947 he served for 13 months with the United Nations Relief & Rehabilitation Administration in Fuzhou (Foochow), China, working on Bubonic Plague. From 1953 to 1968 he was the Medical Entomologist for the city of Philadelphia in the Philadelphia Department of Public Health. From 1968 to 1972 he served as the Regional Entomologist for several counties in the southeastern region of New York state for the New York State Department of Health. During this period he collected ticks north of metropolitan New York City and Long Island and evidently contracted one of the first cases of Lyme Disease, long before this illness was recognized as a distinct disease. He formally retired in March of 1972. The bulk of his personal papers were deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods in Gainesville, FL.
During his professional career Good was a member of a number of professional organizations and authored or co-authored approximately 30 technical publications. His research interests centered on the taxonomy, distribution and ecology of mosquitoes and ectoparasitic arthropods and their vector relationships with pathogens.
Information presented here was derived from a number of sources and corroborated by Mrs. Virginia Good and Dr. H. D. Pratt.
1939. Oropsylla (Hubbardipsylla) oregonensis Good & Prince
1939. Oropsylla (Hubbardipsylla) washingtonensis Good & Prince
1942b. Carteretta clavata
1942d. Miochaeta =Stenistomera Good
1942d. Stenistomera macrodactyla
1940. Appendix [to plague in the western part of the United States. Part II. Flea investigation.] : Alphabetical list of fleas encountered during plague investigations, 1936-1938. Public Health Bulletin 254: 71-74.
1942a. Megabothris abantis (Rothschild): description of the female (Siphonaptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 15(1): 6-9.
1942b. Carteretta carteri clavata, a new subspecies from Nevada, and notes on synonymy (Siphonaptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 35(1): 110-113, 1 fig.
1942c. Key to the males of the genus Atyphloceras with a description of the male of Atyphloceras echis (Siphonaptera). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 18(2): 87-89, 1 fig.
1942d. Stenistomera (Siphonaptera) : A reevaluation of the genus with the description of a new subgenus and species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 44(7): 131-139, pl. 13, figs. 1-5.
1939. Good, N. E. & F. M. Prince. Two new species of Opisocrostis (Siphonaptera). Public Health Reports 54(37): 1687-1694, 4 figs.
1942. Jellison, W. L. & N. E. Good. Index to the literature of Siphonaptera of North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin 178: 1-193.
1953. Good, N. E. & C. O. Mohr. Rats and rat ectoparasite prevalence at city dumps in relation to murine typhus in the southern states. (Abstract of a report presented at the 50th Annual Convention of the Association of Southern Agricultural Workers, New Orleans, February 9-11.) Proceedings of the Association of Southern Agricultural Workers, page 100.
1953. Mohr, C. O., N. E. Good & J. H. Schubert. Studies of murine typhus infection in domestic rats in the United States, 1952, and relation to infestation bu Oriental rat fleas. American Journal of Public Health. 43: 1514-1522.
1954. Pratt, H. D. & N. E. Good. Distribution of some common domestic rat ectoparasites in the United States. Journal of Parasitology 40(2): 113-129.
I also have a copy of an unpublished, 22 page manuscript produced by Good about 1941 titled "Catalogue of the Siphonaptera or fleas, of Central America and northwestern South America".
It is a melancholy fact that since the publication of the seventh edition of James and Harwood (1979), which is not being revised and is now out of print, there has been no textbook dealing with Medical Entomology suitable for use in an advanced class. Although not written for this purpose, the Lane and Crosskey volume could be used as such, but it is more detailed than are most general textbooks, and certainly more expensive.
The book consists of 19 chapters, plus an index to scientific names and a subject index. Chapters one and two, written by the editors, include a general introduction and an introduction to the arthropods, respectively. The remaining 17 chapters are grouped into three parts. Part One consists of 10 chapters dealing with Diptera (flies) of medical importance. In addition to chapters on the major disease vectors, i.e. Culicidae (mosquitoes), Simuliidae (black flies), Ceratopogonidae (biting midges), Tabanidae (horse and deer flies) and Glossinidae (tsetse flies), there are chapters on blood-sucking Muscidae (stable and horn flies) and the calyptrate families in general, and flies causing myiasis in man. Part Two, entitled Other Insects, contains five chapters dealing with Blattaria (cockroaches), Hemiptera (kissing and bed bugs), Anoplura (sucking lice), Siphonaptera (fleas), and insect orders of minor importance. Part Three deals with arachnids and contains one chapter each on the Acari (ticks & mites) and the Aranae and Scorpiones (spiders and scorpions).
With some variation, most chapters dealing with specific groups follow a format including the following elements: Recognition and elements of structure; Classification and identification; Biology; Medical importance; Control; Collecting, preservation and rearing; and References. Due to delay in publication, most reference sections are only current to 1990, although a few sections include reference to 1991 and 1992 publications. The volume includes studies by 15 authors, all specialists in insects of medical importance.
This book is the most authoritative source available in the discipline and will certainly remain so well into the next millennium.
*****
This is the tenth in the Special Publications series of the American Society of Mammalogists and contains 18 chapters by 28 contributors. The first two chapters review the fossil history and taxonomy and systematics of these rodents, including the taxonomic history of the family and the classification and species accounts. The remaining chapters deal with such diverse aspects as anatomy, morphology, physiology, genetics, ontogeny and parasites, as well as a number of ecological studies. The chapter dealing with parasites (pp. 386-478) includes both endo- and ectoparasites. Although the authors point out that much work remains to be done before the parasite complex involving this family is fully understood, much is already known. For example, among the ectoparsites, heteromyids are known to host three genera of ticks, at least 16 genera of mites, excluding chiggers, at least 34 genera of chiggers and at least 31 genera of fleas. Though most of the latter genera are adventive, Meringis species are specific to Dipodomys, Wenzella species are specific to Heteromys, and Carteretta species are frequently associated with species of Perognathus.
Although of little interest to entomologists, this book contains a wealth of information about these interesting rodents. The chapters are all written by specialists and the data are presented in an easily readable format. The editors have done an excellent job of organizing the volume and it will probably be the authority on this group of mice for some time to come.
Dr. Mathias Kiefer has requested that the following notice be included in this issue of Flea News.
The antiplague Institute in Stavropol is organizing a conference under the name "FLEAS", to be held in September/October, 1994, at the National Collection of fleas of the former USSR in that city. The official working languages are English and Russian, with translators available for the latter. Accommodations will be available at the Interhotel Kaukaz and International Hotels, with single rooms at approximately $30.00 US and doubles at approximately $50.00 US. Limited accommodations will be available at the Anti-plague Institute. Registration: ~ $50.00 US.
Additional information may be obtained by writing Dr. Kiefer at Westendstraße 79, 80339 München, Deutschland.
*****
The American Society of Parasitologists Newsletter 15(3): September, contained the following notice:
Dr. Annie K. Prestwood reports that The Flea Disc, an interactive vidiodisc on the developmental biology and control of fleas, has been completed. The videodisc contains two 10-12 minute videos as well as 150 slides of fleas, flea larvae, eggs, techniques for use in eliminating fleas from pets and from the environment, and slides of dogs and cats with flea-associated diseases. One video details the developmental biology of fleas and consists of videomicroscopy of fleas feeding, defecating, mating, depositing eggs, hatching of the eggs, and animation of various aspects of the life cycle and environmental forces that impinge upon it. The second video demonstrates methods for controling fleas on the host, both in the home and in the outside environment. The videodisc and accompanying computer programs (PC-compatible and Mac versions) were designed as a stand-alone program for teaching this subject. Identification of fleas on cats and dogs, the flea life-cycle and develompental biology and flea-borne diseases of dogs and cats are covered in the tutorials, along with pre- and post tests. The videodisc and computer program are available from the Department of Parasitology, The University of Georgia, Athens, 30602 for $100.00. Discounts for more than one videodisc. A videotape (VHS or 8mm) entitled Developmental Biology and Control Strategies for Fleas is available for $25.00. The flea videodisc will be featured this fall on a new television weekly series called Pets, etc. that deals with veterinary medicine and pet care. The series was produced for Georgia Public Television, but will be made available to other public television stations in the near future.
*****
Dr. Emmett Easton of the University of Macau recently reported on his attendance at the III Congresso Ibérico de Parasitologia (I Congresso Português de Parasitologia e VIII Congresso Nacional Español de Parasitología) held in Lisboa, 4-8-October-1993. Following are the titles dealing with fleas.
Osácar-Jiménez, J.J., J. Lucientes -Curdi & C. Calvete-Margolles. Metodo de cria en el laboratorio de Caenopsylla laptevi ibera (Siphon-aptera: Leptopsyllidae).
Ribeiro, H., J. Lucientes -Curdi, J.J. Osácar-Jiménez & C. Calvete-Margolles. Uma nova espécie de pulga (Insecta: Siphonaptera) da Península Ibérica.
Feliu, C., M.S. Gomez, J. Torres, A. Arrizabalga & E. Montagud. Sobre la parasitofauna de insectivoros y roedores en la Sierra de Gredos.
*****
The first International Congress of Vector Ecology, sponsored by the Society For Vector Ecology was held 3-8-October-1993 in San Diego, CA. The following presentations dealt with fleas:
Gage, K.L. & G.O. Maupin. Changing patterns of plague in the United States.
Yuval, B. The vertebrate host as mating encounter site for its ectoparasites: Ecological and evolutionary considerations.
Rust, M.K. Future directions for flea control.
Maupin, G.O. & K.L. Gage. Plague surveillance in the western United States.
*****
Dr. Eustorgio Méndez has recently completed his book, Los Roedores de Panamá. It contains very useful information about all of the known species of Panamanian rodents, including excellent black and white drawings done by the author. It was published privately and sells for $27.50 US. Persons interested in obtaining a copy should contact Dr. Méndez at the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory, Apartado 6991, Panamá 5, Republica de Panamá.
*****
Dr. John Linley has recently examined the eggs of a few species of fleas using a scanning electron microscope. Flea eggs are not easy to find in nature since many species attach their eggs to the nesting material of the host and may be pigmented as well. As a result, his studies have been limited to a small number of taxa. Eggs should be preserved in Bouin's Fluid and even eggs dissected from gravid females are useful. Persons able to supply flea eggs should contact Dr. Linley at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, 200 9th Street SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962 (407) 778 7200, or Dr. Allen Benton, 292 Water Street, Fredonia, NY 14063, (716) 679 0462.
*****
The following persons have sent reprints, etc. during 1993 for which we are most grateful. J.-C. Beaucournu, M. Blaski, J.R. Botelho, D. Cyprich, L. Durden, E. Easton, R. Eckerlin, K. Gage, T. Galloway, J. Greve, G. Haas, T. Hallas, I. Horak, J. Kucera, P. Linardi, H. Painter, R. Pilgrim, S. Tabor and Xie B.-q.
Dr. Omar. M. Amin, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, P.O. Box 28372, Tempe, AZ 85285-8372
Dr. Steve Hanson, SANDOZ, 1300 East Touhy, Des Plaines, IL 60018
Mr. Michael Hastritter, 1955 East Oregon Avenue, Provo, UT 84606
Mr. James Kucera, 5930 S. Sultan Circle, Murray, UT 84107
Dr. James Noxon, 1726 Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
Mr. Juan José Osácar, Unidad de Parasitologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, c/ Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragosa, SPAIN
Dr. Judy Perdue, 1510 Buttermilk Rd., Cave Spring, GA 30124
Mr. Donald W. Pfitzer, 6732 Chaparral Drive, Lithonia, GA 30038
Dr. Helen Powers, 17480 Shelbourne Way, Los Gatos, CA 95030
Ms. Susan R. Ready, Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-2475
Mr. G. C. Ritchie, 2719 Battery Terrace, Marietta, GA 30064,
Although it may not be obvious from the titles, citations included here pertain to fleas and the zoonoses associated with them. Additional information is available upon written request.
1986 (List 14)
Rasnitsyn, A.P. (Ed.) Insects in the early Cretaceous ecosystem of the west Mongolia. Joint Soviet-Mongol. Palaeont. Exped. 28. Nauka Press, Moskva 215 pp. (in Russian).
1989 (List 10)
Lopes, C.M.L., P.M. Linardi & J.R. Botelho. Ectoparasitos de roedores do municipio de Tiradentes, Minas Gerais. I. Ectoparasito-fauna. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 84: 333-334.
1990 (List 7)
Ho, S.H. Management of houshold insects. In Essays in Zoology, pp. 453-458. Chou Loke Ming & K.L. Peter, (Eds.).
Srivastava, P.S. & S.R.P. Sinha. Ectoparasiticidal and acaricidal efficacy of the herbal insecticide - Pestoban - on cattle, buffaloes and dogs. Pashudhan 5(6): 4.
Teo, L.H. Biology of household insects. In Essays in Zoology, pp. 177-187. Chou Loke Ming & K.L. Peter, (Eds.).
WANG S.-q. & XIAO A.-x. Scanning electron microscopy of the genital segments of male fleas. Acta Ent. Sin. 33(4): 412-415.
Zeese, W., S.A. Khalaf, R.G.A. El-Ela & T.A. Morsy. Rodents and their ectoparasites in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. 20(2): 827-835.
1991 (List 6)
Dumler, J.S., J.P. Taylor & D.H. Walker. Clinical and laboratory features of murine typhus in south Texas, 1980 through 1987. JAMA 266(10): 1365-1370.
Kalvelage, H. & M. Münster. Ctenocephalides canis and Ctenocephalides felis infestation in dogs and cats. Biology of the agent, epizootology, pathogensis, clinical signs, diagnosis and methods of control. Tierärztliche Praxis 19(2): 200-206.
Schöffel, I., E. Schein, U. Wittstadt & J. Hentsche. Parasites of the red fox in Berlin (West). Berliner und Münchner Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 104(5): 153-157.
1992 (List 4)
Beaucournu, J.C & O. Chastel. Variations morphologiques chez Notiopsylla kerguelensis kerguelensis (Taschenberg, 1880) (Siphonaptera, Pygiopsyllidae). Bulletin de la Société Française Parasitologie 10(2): 265-268.
Beaucournu, J.C. & D. Kock. Notes sur les Ischnopsyllidae de la région Orientale. I. Presence du genre Nycteridopsylla Oudemans, 1906 et description d'une espèce nouvelle (Insecta, Siphoanptera). Senckenbergiana Biologie 72(4/6): 329-334.
Carlotti, D.N. & M.P. Delahaut. Le contrôle parasitaire autour du chien atteint de D.A.P.P.: intérêt du cythioate chez les chats congénères. Pratique Médicale & Chirurgicale de l'Animal de Compagnie 27(4): 543-548.
Cyprich, D., M. Krumpál & J. Lukás. Contribution to the knowledge of the flea fauna (Siphonaptera) of dormouse nests (Myoxidae) in Slovakia. Parasitologia Hungarica 25: 97-105.
Majaj-Büscher, H. Ectoparasites and blood parasites of goats in Jordan. Inaugural Dissertation, Fachbereich Veterinärmedzin, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany. 119 pp.
Markowicz, S.B. Poisoning of an urban family due to misapplication of household organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. Clinical Toxicology 30(2): 295-303.
Rasnitsyn, A.P. Strashila incredibilis, a new enigmatic mecopteroid insect with possible siphonapteran affinities from the Upper Jurassic of Siberia. Psyche 99(3-4): 323-333.
Schlossier, N. Diagnostic and treatment of selected ectoparasitoses in dogs. Kleintierpraxis 37(2): 109-112.
Spencer, K.A. & H.J. Egoscue. Fleas of the San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes velox macrotis) on Camp Roberts Army National Guard Training Site, California. U.S. Department of Energy Topical Report, EG&G/EM. Santa Barbara Operations Report No. EEG 10617-2161. 15 pp.
Spronhle, F.V., B.W. Apt, L.G. Eguiguren, B.C. Pérez & A.I. Zulantay. Tungiasis. Caso clínico. Revista Médica de Chile 120(7): 794-796.
Williams, S.G., J.B. Sacci, Jr., M.E. Schriefer, E.M. Anderson, K.K. Fujioka, F.J. Sorvillo, A.R. Barr & A.F. Azad. Typhus and typhuslike rickettsiae associated with opossums and their fleas in Los Angeles County, California. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 30(7): 1758-1762.
1993 (List 2)
Babjaková, A., M. Krumpál & D. Cyprich. Occurrence of nonspecifical flea species (S.) from the nests of sand martins (R.) in Slovakia. Tichodroma 5: 115-121.
Barros, D.M., P.M. Linardi & J.R. Botelho. Ectoparasites of some wild rodents from Parana State, Brazil. Journal of Medical Entomology 30(6): 1068-1070.
Beaucournu, J.C. Lice and fleas - true or false indicators. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 118(1): 11-24.
Beaucournu, J.C. & D. Fontenille. Contribution a un catalogue des puces de Madagascar (Insecta, Siphonaptera). Archives de l'Institut Pasteur de Madagascar. Edition Speciale. 48 pp.
Best, T.L. Tamias ruficaudus. Mammalian Species 452: 1-7.
Blaski, M. Siphonaptera of small mammals in selected towns in Upper Silesia. Acta Biologica Silesiana 22(39): 84-91.
Blem, C.R., & L.B. Blem. Do swallows sunbathe to control ectoparasites - an experimental test. Condor 95(3): 728-730.
CHEN J.-l. & WANG D.-q. Comparative morphology of rodent flea eggs in China. Medical & Veterinary Entomology 7(4): 384-386.
Clark, F., M.T. Greenwood & J.S. Smith. The use of an insect activity monitor in behavioral studies of the flea Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild). Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology 18(1): 26-32.
Craven, R.B., G.O. Maupin, M. Beard, T.J. Quan & A.M. Barnes. Reported cases of human plague infections in the United States, 1970-1991. Journal of Medical Entomology 30(4): 758-761.
Cyprich, D., M. Krumpál & V.M. Glukhova. On the fauna and the incidence of abnormalities of fleas (Siphonaptera) in bird nests of the Kalingrad region. Acta Parasitologia 38(1): 44-47.
Delope, F. & A.P. Moller. Effects of ectoparasites on reproduction of their swallow hosts - A cost of being multi-brooded. Oikos 67(3): 557-562.
Delope, F., G. Gonzalez, J.J. Perez & A.P. Moller. Increased detrimental effects of ectoparasites on their bird hosts during adverse environmental conditions. Oecologia 95(2): 234-240.
Dryden, M.W. Biology of fleas of dogs and cats. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 15(4): 569-579.
Dryden, M.W. & A.B. Broce. Development of a trap for collecting newly emerged Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) in homes. Journal of Medical Entomology 30(5): 901-906.
Dryden, M.W., A.B. Broce & W.E. Moore. Severe flea infestation in dairy calves. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 203(10): 1448-1452.
Dryden, M.W. & A.K. Prestwood. Successful flea control. Compedium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 15(6): 821-832.
Durden, L.A., J.S.H. Klompen & J.E. Keirans. Parasitic arthropods of sympatric opossums, cotton rats and cotton mice from Merritt Island, Florida. Journal of Parasitology 79(2): 283-286.
Durden, L.A. & W.S. Romoser. Chapter 13. Survey of Class Insecta: II. Endopterygota (Holometabola). Order Siphonaptera, pp. 373-375. In W.S. Romoser & J.G. Stoffolano, The Science of Entomology. W.C. Brown, Dubuque. 532 pp.
Fain, A. & T.D. Galloway. Mites (Acari) from nests of sea birds in New Zealand. 1. Description and developmental stages of Psylloglyphus parapsyllus n. sp. (Winterschmidtiidae). Acarologia 34(2): 159-166.
Fisher, M.A., M.J. Hutchinson, D.E. Jacobs & I.G.C. Dick. Efficacy of Fenthion against the flea, Ctenocephalides felis, on the cat. Journal of Small Animal Practice 34(9): 434-436.
Galloway, T.D., J.C. Beaucournu & A. Estrada-Peña. Deux puces nouvelles pour les Canaries (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae). Bulletin de la Société Française de Parasitologie 11(1): 159-162.
Gannon, W.L., R.B. Forbes & D.F. Kain. Tamias ochrogenys. Mammalian Species 445: 1-4.
Gibson, H. Britain's quirky samaritans. International Wildlife 23(4): 38-43.
Green, W.K., W.J. Penhale & R.C.A. Thompson. Isolation and in vitro translation of messenger RNA encoding allergens of the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis. Veterinary Immunology & Immunopathology 37(1): 15-25.
Hallas, T.E. & K. Roesdahl. Morsus inseti from flea bites: seasonal appearance and relation to sex and age of flea-exposed persons. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology & Venereology 2(1993): 188-192.
Keleman, F. Flea infestation of dogs and cats - review article. Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja 48(9): 545-548.
Lewis, R.E. Chapter Sixteen. Fleas (Siphonaptera), pp. 529-575. In R.P. Lane & R.W. Crosskey (eds.). Medical Insects and Arachnids. Chapman & Hall, London. 723 pp.
Louw, J.P., I.G. Horak & L.E.O. Braack. Fleas and lice on scrub hares (Lepus saxatilis) in South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 60(1): 95-102.
McDonough, K.A., A.M. Barnes, T.J. Quan, J. Montenieri & S. Falkow. Mutation in the pla gene of Yersinea pestis alters the course of the plague bacillus-flea (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) interaction. Journal of Medical Entomology 30(4): 772-780.
Mellink, E. & H. Madrigal. Ecology of Mexican prairie dogs, Cynomy mexicanus, in El Manantial, northeastern Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy 74(3): 631-635.
Painter, H.P. & R.P. Eckerlin. The mammalian fauna and ectoparasites of the George Washington Birthplace National Monument, Westmoreland County, Virginia. Banisteria 1(2): 10-13.
Pilgrim, R.L.C. Tungiasis - a flea-bite with a difference. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Entomological Society of New Zealand 1993: 52-54.
Pilgrim, R.L.C. An instance of tungiasis in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal 106(955): 180.
Pilgrim, R.L.C. An annotated bibliography of publications on flea larval morphology in Chinese periodicals, 1956-1992. Flea News 46: 511-515.
Pitts, R.M. & T.D. Galloway. New host record for Orchopeas leucopus from the eastern pipistrelle, Pipistrellus subflavus. Texas Journal of Science 45(2): 177.
Reeves, S.A. & M.K. Yamanaka. Cloning and sequence analysis of the alpha-subunit of the cat flea sodium pump. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 23(7): 809-814.
Robertson, H.M. The mariner transposable element is widespread in insects. Nature (London) 362:(6417): 241-245.
Slacek, B. & J.P. Opdebeeck. Reactivity of dogs and cats to feeding fleas and to flea antigens injected intradermally. Australian Veterinary Journal 70(8): 313-314.
Whitaker, J.O., Jr., W.J. Wren & R.E. Lewis. Parasites, pp. 386-478. In H.H. Genoways & J.H. Brown (eds.). Biology of the Heteromyidae. Special publication No. 10. The American Society of Mammalogists. 719 pp.